I can remember them doing that in a 1950's  (I think) TV show called "Sea
Hunt" that I watched here in the "States" when I was a kid.
Watching that show instilled an interest in diving that I never lost but I
didn't start diving until 1999 when I was 52.

Al
Bottoms Up Divers

<snip>

The missed deco procedure is in Chapter 21 of the US Navy Diving manual.
 It details different procedures based on the depth of the deepest
missed stop and how long the diver has been at the surface in Table
21-3.  The table won't post well in plain text without more work than
I'm willing to do tonight, but you can find the entire manual here:

 http://www.coralspringsscuba.com/miscellaneous/usn_manual.htm

The same chapter includes emergency in-water recompression procedures.
They're not for the faint of heart and obviously (to me, anyway) for use
only in dire circumstances.

TDI uses a similar (perhaps identical) missed-stop procedure in its Deco
Procedures class but I'm too lazy to get the book off the bookshelf and
look it up.

The paragraphs introducing the table in the USN DM follow:

21-3 Certain emergencies, such as uncontrolled ascents, an exhausted air
supply, or bodily injury, may interrupt or prevent required
decompression. If the diver shows symptoms of decompression sickness or
arterial gas embolism, immediate treatment using the appropriate oxygen
or air recompression treatment table is essential. Even if the diver
shows no symptoms, omitted decompression must be addressed in some
manner to avert later difficulty. Table 21-3 summarizes management of
asymptomatic Omitted Decompression.

21-3.1 Planned and Unplanned Omitted Decompression. Omitted
decompression may or may not be planned. Planned omitted decompression
results when a condition develops at depth that will require the diver
to surface before completing all of the decompression stops and when
there is time to consider all available options, ready the recompression
chamber, and alert all personnel as to the planned evolution.  Equipment
malfunctions, diver injury, or sudden severe storms are examples of
these situations. In unplanned omitted decompression, the diver suddenly
appears at the surface without warning or misses decompression for some
unforeseen reason. In either instance, the Surface Decompression Tables
may be used to remove the diver from the water, if the surfacing time
occurs such that water stops are either not required or have already
been completed. When the conditions that permit using the Surface
Decompression Tables are not fulfilled, the diver’s decompression will
be compromised. Special care shall be taken to detect signs of
decompression sickness. The diver must be returned to pressure as soon
as possible.

[Table and its notes omitted]

21-3.2 Treating Omitted Decompression with Symptoms. If the diver
develops symptoms of decompression sickness during the surface interval,
treat in accordance with the procedures in paragraph 21-4 (no chamber
available) or paragraph 21-5 (chamber available). If the diver has no
symptoms of decompression sickness or arterial gas embolism, make up the
omitted decompression as described in this section.

21-3.3 Treating Omitted Decompression in Specific Operational
Environments. Refer to paragraph 17-10.6 for procedures for dealing with
omitted decompression during MK 16 diving operations. Refer to paragraph
14-4.10 for procedures for dealing with omitted decompression during
surface-supplied helium-oxygen diving operations.

21-3.4 Ascent from 20 Feet or Shallower (Shallow Surfacing) with
Decompression Stops Required. If the diver surfaced from 20 feet or
shallower, feels well, and can be returned to stop depth within 1
minute, the diver may complete normal decompression stops. The
decompression stop from which ascent occurred is lengthened by 1 minute.
If the diver cannot be returned to the depth of the stop within 1 minute
and the diver remains asymptomatic, return the diver to the stop from
which the diver ascended. Multiply each decompression stop time missed
by 1.5. Alternatively, if the surface interval is less than 5 minutes,
the diver may be placed in a recompression chamber and treated on a
Treatment Table 5 (or 1A if no oxygen is available). If the surface
interval is greater than 5 minutes, the diver may be placed in a
recompression chamber and treated on Treatment Table 6 (or 2A if no
oxygen is available). The diver should be observed for 1 hour after
surfacing and/or completing treatment.