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Scuba Forum / General / January 2004

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Diving in Thailand- near miss and lessons learned

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froggy - 16 Jan 2004 11:49 GMT
In light of the growing frustration regarding the lack of
scuba-related content, I thought some of you might be interested in a
(lengthy) trip report with exotic places, suspense, sex and violence.

My wife and I wanted to take a beach and diving holiday in end-99. We
settled for Thailand. I had lived there a few years so that is always
an easy option. I suggested that we go a bit off the beaten track.
Tarutao Marine Park, at the extreme south of Thailand on the Andaman
sea, sounded like the kind of isolated place where one could expect to
find some reasonably good diving as well.

After some research I had confirmation that there was a diving club
operating on the only island where accommodation exits in the Park, so
I informed them that we would be diving with them and rented a
bungalow nearby.

The diving club essentially consisted of a Canadian guy. When
establishing his business he brought quite a large amount of equipment
with him, some of which must have featured in the early Cousteau
movies. The dive boat is a small long-tail with a Thai skipper, both
of respectable age.

We typically did two dives a day. We would leave in the morning, have
a first dive, then lunch and some rest on a nearby Island, and then do
our second dive and come back in the afternoon.

Diving is OK but not exceptional, similar to what you can find on that
coast of Thailand such as around Phuket and Koh Phi Phi etc. As this
is a Marine Park, and as This Is Thailand, the area has been fished
extensively (including the use of explosives or cyanide). It seems
that anything of edible size has been exterminated (or has become
extremely cautious). However small fishes remain abundant and there
are a very large variety of corals, both hard and soft, in the many
undamaged areas.

Security arrangements are quite interesting. The park is several hours
of boat away from the coast, has no medical facilities and is out of
range of the Thai GSM network. The boat has a CB that allows it, under
favorable circumstances, to call the dive club or the nearby Rangers
station. In case of emergency the boat would therefore call the club.
Someone would then have to go to another nearby island that has a high
enough hill, and climb on top of that hill where you can get signal
from the GSM network of Malaysia. He would then call the Thai
emergency services. If you had a proper insurance they would dispatch
a helicopter, if not you would only get a boat (meaning about 12 hours
for the round trip). You would then be evacuated to the mainland where
they have appropriate facilities (there are offshore oil and gas
platforms in the gulf of Thailand).

So one morning we left for our usual dive trip, together with a couple
of newly certified OW divers. We left relatively early, as the dive
sites were farther away than usual. The skipper had some difficulties
starting its engine but that was quickly fixed.

As the other divers were really novice, my wife and I felt that our
diving would be more enjoyable by going on our own for the first dive.
We were only AOW with a few dozen dives but the conditions were
favorable (warm water, good visibility, no current, shallow dive close
to shore). Our dive was fine and uneventful. Going alone was a good
idea as the other pair of divers (that had stayed with the DM) had to
interrupt their dive when the guy started feeling cold.

We then settled on a small beach to have lunch and rest. Lunch was
spicy pork salad on rice, which was bad news for the guy as he was of
Jewish confession. So he skipped lunch but took some rest and felt
much better afterwards.

We then moved on to our next dive, which would be even more relaxed as
the first one as we would take advantage of the tide to do a shallow
(5-10 m) drift dive over a corals garden in a channel between two
small islands, with the boat picking us at the end of the dive.

We all entered the water together and started drifting. After a little
while the guy signaled that he was feeling cold again and would ascend
back to the boat, but that his wife, the DM and us should continue,
which we did. Other than that the dive was uneventful, until we
surfaced and found that the boat had not moved and was still anchored
where we left it, a few hundred meters away.

We waived and called to attract the skippers attention, but the boat
did not move and the skipper signaled us to get back to the boat.
Swimming back against the current was quite exhausting but we made it
OK. The skipper had been unable to restart its engine (the engine had
not been that fixed after all) and therefore the boat had remained
anchored in place.

But the main problem was that the OW guy was nowhere in sight.

Things were getting serious. The guy had been cold in the morning, had
not had lunch, had felt cold again and left the group in a fairly fast
current, while he was not a strong swimmer and no boat was available.

The engine would not restart but as the tide current eventually abated
somewhat, we decided to let the boat slowly drift in order to scan the
shores on both sides of the channel. We finally located a shape on the
shore, but got no reaction when calling and waiving. We were quite far
from the shore but, as the boat would not drift on the right
direction, decided that two of us would swim to the shore and see if
that was the guy.

We swam to shore and yes, that was him. He was a bit exhausted but
otherwise fine. We gave him some water that we had brought with us and
the three of us swam back to the boat.

But we were left with the problem of getting back home, with no
engine, and having drifted further away in the channel. We were well
over the range of the CB the boat could use to reach the club.
Eventually, people would see that we were not back and send a rescue
boat, but that could take some time (assuming they could sail at
night) and we were getting well into the afternoon.

In the meantime the ladies settled for sunbathing, leaving such manly
tasks as fixing the engine or moving the boat to the Real Men on
board.

However, as I mentioned above this is a National Park and This Is
Thailand, so there was quite a bit of fishing going on. Our best hope
for a quick rescue was to attract the attention of a trawler. Those
are typically small boats with Burmese crews that operate under harsh
conditions for months at a time. As we were hardly visible inside the
channel, we tried to pull back the boat closer to the channel’
mouth so as to have a better field of view.

Our efforts bore fruits as a fishing boat eventually saw us, and
changed course to reach us. He was getting close when it dawned upon
us (our skipper, actually) that it might not be entirely safe to
invite a party of sailors, who had been at sea for several weeks in a
row, onboard a boat with two you young bikini-clad ladies, with no
other boat in sight.

I have seldom seen ladies get dressed that fast.

The fishermen were actually perfectly civil and willing to help. Our
engine had a generator/battery problem and they helped us restart it,
and left once they were reassured that we were fine and would be able
to make it safely back to the club.

[end of sex and violence]

Which we did and we arrived as the night was falling.

This was actually a real eye-opener to me, showing how a succession of
seemingly minor problems may eventually result in some potentially
serious troubles. In retrospect I realize that we (the dive operator
as well as ourselves) had consistently broken all safety rules and
that we were lucky in that none of it had serious consequences.

When going on holiday in such laid-back places it is easy to leave
commonsense at home, at least for me, while the locals (or westerners
that have over-extended their stay, and I ve once been one of them)
tend to have a different appreciation of what is an acceptable risk.

Next time I could speak about our one and only experience with cave
diving in Yucatan (we survived that one as well).
Michael Wolf - 16 Jan 2004 13:56 GMT
> In light of the growing frustration regarding the lack of
> scuba-related content, I thought some of you might be interested in a
[quoted text clipped - 147 lines]
> that have over-extended their stay, and I ve once been one of them)
> tend to have a different appreciation of what is an acceptable risk.

Friends of mine just came back from Thailand. During one of their dives
(with viz only 3m) their dive guide signaled that their group (4+1)
should surface. So they did, but then the guide said that they should go
down again. Afterwards they found out that the guy actually didn't knwo
anymore where they were...he had grown so used to good viz that his
compass skills weren't really (well) developed (to say the least).

> Next time I could speak about our one and only experience with cave
> diving in Yucatan (we survived that one as well).

Please do

Signature

Michael Wolf

-----

Cthulhu For President.
Why settle for the lesser evil?

remove stopspam to reply

Dan Bracuk, CTHD - 16 Jan 2004 22:41 GMT
Michael Wolf <michael.wolf@advalvasstopspam.be> pounded away at his
keyboard resulting in:
:Friends of mine just came back from Thailand. During one of their dives
:(with viz only 3m) their dive guide signaled that their group (4+1)
:should surface. So they did, but then the guide said that they should go
:down again. Afterwards they found out that the guy actually didn't knwo
:anymore where they were...he had grown so used to good viz that his
:compass skills weren't really (well) developed (to say the least).

You mean he couldn't find the boat so he surfaced to take a look?
Nothing wrong with that.

As far as compass skills go, unless you are using a compass at all
times during a dive, there is not much point in using it at all.

Dan Bracuk
If at first you don't succeed, you run the risk of failure.
The Best of rec.scuba http://www.pathcom.com/~bracuk/RecScuba/
Michael Wolf - 17 Jan 2004 13:05 GMT
> Michael Wolf <michael.wolf@advalvasstopspam.be> pounded away at his
> keyboard resulting in:
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
> http://www.newsfeeds.com - The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World!
> -----==  Over 100,000 Newsgroups - 19 Different Servers! =-----

No, I mean he didn't know at all anymore where he was during the dive (this
wasn't at the end of the dive).

To me, compass skills are essential. But that has to do with the 'great'
viz we have around here

Signature

Michael Wolf
------------

Cthulhu for President! Why settle for the lesser evil?

remove stopspam to reply

Dan Bracuk, CTHD - 16 Jan 2004 22:46 GMT
hub666@hotmail.com (froggy) pounded away at his keyboard resulting in:
:This was actually a real eye-opener to me, showing how a succession of
:seemingly minor problems may eventually result in some potentially
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
:that have over-extended their stay, and I ve once been one of them)
:tend to have a different appreciation of what is an acceptable risk.

Hindsight being what it is, what would you change if you could do it
again?

Dan Bracuk
If at first you don't succeed, you run the risk of failure.
The Best of rec.scuba http://www.pathcom.com/~bracuk/RecScuba/
rnf2 - 17 Jan 2004 01:04 GMT
> hub666@hotmail.com (froggy) pounded away at his keyboard resulting in:
> :This was actually a real eye-opener to me, showing how a succession of
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
> Hindsight being what it is, what would you change if you could do it
> again?

Take a spare outboard on the boat, a satphone rather than mobile or a SSB
radio rather than a CB, and make sure the food meets dietary requirements of
the clients???\

Was there Oxy on the boat, and enough tanks to spare for in water
recompression if a rescue boat had to be sent rather than the chopper?

rhys
Dan Bracuk, CTHD - 17 Jan 2004 02:22 GMT
"rnf2" <rnf2@NOSPAMwaikato.ac.nz> pounded away at his keyboard
resulting in:
:Was there Oxy on the boat, and enough tanks to spare for in water
:recompression if a rescue boat had to be sent rather than the chopper?

The required number of tanks for in-water re-compression is zero,
right?

Dan Bracuk
If at first you don't succeed, you run the risk of failure.
The Best of rec.scuba http://www.pathcom.com/~bracuk/RecScuba/
Scott - 17 Jan 2004 03:14 GMT
> "rnf2" <rnf2@NOSPAMwaikato.ac.nz> pounded away at his keyboard
> resulting in:
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> The required number of tanks for in-water re-compression is zero,
> right?

A-f.cking-Firmative,  eh?
rnf2 - 17 Jan 2004 06:13 GMT
> "rnf2" <rnf2@NOSPAMwaikato.ac.nz> pounded away at his keyboard
> resulting in:
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
> Dan Bracuk

Been lurking around Google and Ask Jeeves amongst others.  It seems the best
way to handle emergencies where a chamber is needed but you'd be dead or
paralysed before arrival seems to be not do get bent in the first place...
but if you do get bent, go down to 1 to 5 M deeper than the deepest dive for
the day, stay a while (5 to 15 mins) then begin ascending slowly, No
consensus but it seems anything from 2 ft/min to 9 M/min ascent rate.

what do the experts here say?

other than only strokes get bent of course...

rhys
Matthias Voss - 17 Jan 2004 11:03 GMT
rnf2 schrieb:

> > "rnf2" <rnf2@NOSPAMwaikato.ac.nz> pounded away at his keyboard
> > resulting in:
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
>
> other than only strokes get bent of course...

What you allude to is an immediate procedure intorduced since long,
valid only if executed within a close timeframe to surfacing, you should
redescend ca. 3 minutes aftrer surfacing, with a new bottle, to do the
decompression you skipped.
go to half the deepest depth, make a 5 minute stop, then ascend with the
whole time since the first descent as bottom time.

All this _only_ if there are no symptoms.
You rely here on the fact that the suspected bubbles have not yet formed
organic layers and are still pliant to Boyles law, and behave in
accordance with diffusion based decompression models.

An in water recompression is a totally different pair of shoes.
Ther you need oxygen, thermal protection, a full face mask, a tender,
oxygen, good to have a camel bag for drinking underwater, and better yet
some back gas, favorably a 14% Heliox, for oxygen breaks every
12-15minutes.

Matthias
froggy - 17 Jan 2004 18:39 GMT
> rnf2 schrieb:
> >
[quoted text clipped - 38 lines]
>
> Matthias

In our case we thought that, strokes or not, not getting bent was
really the right option :-)
Which meant diving conservative dive profiles well within NDLs, fine
for recreational diving.

I have the impression that extensive "in water recompression" should
only be attempted when no other alternative is available at all.
Here we were about 150 km from a chamber so having a proper insurance
and radio/satphone would have been a much better use of money than
stockpiling the necessary equipment for the operator.

On the other hand I once did a lifeaboard trip in Burma and it was
made clear that we should not expect a swift evacuation in case of
trouble, and dive accordingly. If I recall correctly the nearest
medical facilities would be in Phuket, we were outside of the range of
Thai helicopters and there were no guarantees that Burmese authorities
would let a Thai helicopter enter their airspace anyway. In such
circumstances having the necessary equipment and training to attempt
in-water recompression might make sense, but that's really an
un-informed opinion.

In case of trouble in Tarutao I believe that our best bet would simply
have been to get back to the club asap, and convince the Thai
authorities to send a helicopter (call the insurance, families,
consulate, whoever) while administering first help. A helicopter ride
is expensive, but so are funerals.

On the other hand, undertaking a decompression process right after a
dive where something might have been wrong (emergency ascent or such)
would probably be a safe attitude when knowing that proper care would
not be immediately available in case you eventually get bent.
froggy - 17 Jan 2004 10:01 GMT
> hub666@hotmail.com (froggy) pounded away at his keyboard resulting in:
> :This was actually a real eye-opener to me, showing how a succession of
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
> Hindsight being what it is, what would you change if you could do it
> again?

There are number of things we could have done differently, at various
stages :

Firstly I could have asked more questions before selecting Tarutao as
our destination, knowing that we would have no alternative than dive
with this club once there (such as what kind of boat he used, what
were the safety conditions etc.) But this was not a really practical
proposition. The guy checked his e-mails about once or twice a month,
when going back to the mainland, and those times also were the only
times he could be reached by phone. Also, you really need to see
things by yourself to form a judgement on these matters. The only way
to avoid that is to go to to a reputable place, but then forget about
the "off the beaten track" idea (actually it may well be that scuba
and off track do not go too well together unless you have the means to
set a real expedition).

Secondly, once we were there and could see what the conditions were,
we could have decided to pack and move somewhere else if we really
wanted to dive, or skip diving, or a mix of both (such as stay for a
week not diving, and then move someplace else to dive).
There was really nothing to do on the island (there is only one
"resort" consisting of a few wooden bungalows and two beachfront
restaurants, which are basically a hut with tables on the beach). So
if you are not diving your main activity will be choosing, twice a
day, which of the two reastaurants you want to eat in. And the islands
are not exceptionally beautiful (but very unspoiled). So staying there
but not dive was not too attractive.
Moving someplace else would mean wasting a couple of days to get
somewhere we already knew. Actually, I think we should have stayed a
few days on the island and then move, but we decided otherwise at the
time.

Thirdly, we could have declined to go to a distant dive site, aboard a
boat that had obvious engine problems (remember, the boat initially
would not start) and no backup engine. That would have been a
reasonable attitude, we would have gone somewhere else (within CB
range), nobody would feel offended. IMO, that was really what we
should have done.

Fourthly, we could have asked the DM and the two OW divers to abort
the afternoon dive after the first one went so-so for them, and go
back to the club, especially as the OW guy was not feeling too well
and had skipped lunch. I guess that the DM was reluctant to make that
decision himself partly for the money, but also partly for fear of
frustrating us who were fine. So the boat's engine problem would have
remained but at least nobody would have gotten lost.

Fifthly, once the OW guy indicated that he would abort, we should not
have let him go back alone to the boat that way. As the dive was very
shallow we could have all surfaced together, made sure he was OK and
safely back to the boat, and resume our dive. We would have seen that
there was a problem with the boat and all swim back to the boat (which
would have been easier as we would not have drifted so far).

So I think, with the proverbial hindsight, that we missed at least
four or five opportunities to make the right decision. And I am
certain that people will be able to point a number of things we could
or should have done differently, but those are the first ones that
came to my mind.

In response to another poster, yes there was an O2 kit on the boat,
and a proper first-aid kit. I cannot recall with certainty whether
there was also a spare tank with reg, but I think so.

The operator was not stupid. But he had just established himself as an
independent, probably without too much money. I am sure he would have
gotten another boat and a satphone, had he been able to afford it.

Cheers,
 
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