From today's New York Times.

Unusual Allies in a Legal Battle Over Texas Drivers' Gun Rights by Ralph
Blumenthal

HOUSTON, April 4 - Keith Patton was driving home one night in February when
police officers pulled over his red Ford Explorer for a traffic stop.
His license and insurance form were in his gym bag on the floor near the
back seat. Under the bag was a .357 Magnum.

Mr. Patton, 51, an oil-field geologist, software tester and martial arts
instructor from suburban Katy, told the police about the gun, which he said
he had bought hours before from a co-worker for target shooting. Moments
later, he was handcuffed and on his way to jail, facing a charge of
unlicensed carrying of a weapon.

The arrest might have been routine elsewhere, but this is Texas, where a
code rooted in the days of the highwayman recognizes the right of travelers
to be armed, and the Legislature has repeatedly endorsed that principle.

Defiant police officers and prosecutors, however, saying they retain law
enforcement discretion, have continued arresting and bringing cases against
motorists like Mr. Patton found with unlicensed handguns.

The conflict has led to a legal standoff and a new effort by legislators to
resolve the issue. It has also inspired an unlikely alliance between the gun
lobby, which has long drawn support from the political right, and civil
liberties advocates, long identified with the left, in defense of
pistol-packing travelers.

In a report issued in February, the Texas affiliate of the National Rifle
Association joined the American Civil Liberties Union of Texas and the Texas
Criminal Justice Coalition "to spotlight unlawful, unnecessary governmental
encroachment on average law-abiding citizens."

The report, "Above the Law: How Texas prosecutors are placing their own
judgment over that of the Legislature and the law of the land," found that
district and county attorneys had instructed police officers to
"unnecessarily" interrogate drivers and arrest them or take their weapons,
"even if they are legally carrying the gun."

"It's all the self-interest of the job," said Scott Henson, a civil
liberties advocate and blogger who wrote the report. Mr. Henson contends
that police officers are opposed to citizens' carrying guns and that
prosecutors depend on gun charges to strengthen weak cases and prompt plea
bargains.

Like many other states, Texas bans the carrying of concealed handguns
without a license. Obtaining a license requires a background check and a
gun-safety course. By long-established law, however, Texans can cite
"traveling" as a defense to possession of an unlicensed handgun. But while
traveling was widely understood to denote a journey of some distance, it was
never defined. (Travel on planes and other interstate conveyances banning
weapons falls under federal jurisdiction.)

In 1997, the State Legislature tried to clarify the law by removing
unlicensed carrying of a weapon as an offense while traveling. But it left
unresolved whether traveling required making an overnight stop, crossing
county lines or other conditions.

In 2005, lawmakers sought to remove the ambiguity by declaring that anyone
in a private vehicle who was not engaged in criminal activity or otherwise
barred from possessing a firearm was "presumed to be traveling," and thus
exempt from restrictions on concealed handguns.

Terry Keel, a former member of the Texas House of Representatives who
sponsored the bill, explained its intent in a statement entered into the
record: "In plain terms, a law-abiding person should not fear arrest if they
are transporting a concealed pistol in a motor vehicle."

But the measure hardly ended the controversy.

Almost as soon as it became law in September 2005, the Texas District and
County Attorneys Association signaled its displeasure by advising members
that the act did not rule out arrests of otherwise law-abiding drivers
carrying weapons. The association said it was up to the courts to determine
whether a person was, in fact, traveling. "Therefore," it declared,
"officers are still acting within their lawful discretion if they arrest a
person who might qualify for the traveling defense or the new traveling
presumption."

Or, as Charles A. Rosenthal Jr., the district attorney of Harris County,
which includes Houston, argued, "The presumption of innocence does not make
the person innocent."

Now, critics of the district attorneys are backing legislation that would
sidestep such issues. A bill before the Texas House would treat personal
vehicles like homes, where people are entitled to keep handguns without a
license. It would create an exception to the handgun ban for anyone "inside
of or directly en route to a motor vehicle" owned by the person or under his
control.

Will Harrell, the executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union
of Texas, said that even before the current dispute, his group and the
N.R.A. had been collaborating on racial profiling issues, particularly on
what he called a "Bubba profile" that made certain white men the focus of
gun checks by the police.

Consequently, Mr. Harrell said, the A.C.L.U. of Texas, the Texas State Rifle
Association and the Criminal Justice Coalition filed public information
requests with more than 300 district and county attorneys for any advisories
on the vehicle handgun law given to local law enforcement officers. Many did
not respond or said they had no guidelines, but 13 acknowledged instructions
to continue arresting drivers with unlicensed guns or to take their weapons.

Mr. Harrell said the collaboration with the Texas State Rifle Association
came easy. "I find working with strange bedfellows more comfortable than
with those we most often agree with," he said. And, he said, "the police don't
know what to think of it."

Alice Tripp, the legislative director for the rifle association, conceded
that the groups had been seen as an odd couple. "Everybody kind of went, 'Oh
my God, what's the A.C.L.U. doing here with the gun people?' " Ms. Tripp
said. But she said they had found common ground on self-defense as an
endangered liberty.

Mr. Rosenthal, widely regarded as Texas' most influential district attorney,
said a police officer was right to continue inquiring into the travel
particulars of an armed driver without a concealed handgun permit. "The
presumption is he may be traveling," he said. "Whether he is is a jury
question."

Tim Curry, the criminal district attorney in Tarrant County, which includes
Fort Worth, concurred, according to the report, which quoted him as advising
the police, "A trip to the grocery store with plans to return home does not
constitute traveling."

Mr. Keel disagreed. "It's no longer an issue of how far you're going," he
said. "The Legislature ended that debate."

That view was small comfort to Mr. Patton, who won dismissal of his charges
but spent a night in jail and was out not only his $300 pistol but also
$1,500 to his lawyer, Samuel Cammack III, and $268 for the towing and
impoundment fee for his Ford Explorer.

Almost worse was the mortification. "Everyone thinks this is the Wild West,"
Mr. Patton said. "My dad was incredulous. He said, 'I thought you lived in
Texas.' "

________________________________
It is useless for sheep to pass resolutions in favor of
vegetarianism while wolves remain of a different opinion.
WILLIAM RALPH INGE, D. D. 1860-1954